مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل عاملی تأییدی (CFA)	تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی (EFA)	مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM)
حوزه	آمار	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	1969	—	1970
پدیدآور	Karl Jöreskog	—	Karl Jöreskog (LISREL framework, 1970s)
نوع	Confirmatory latent variable model	Latent variable / dimension reduction	Latent variable / causal modeling
منبع بنیادین	Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1462515363	Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C. & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299.	Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1473756540
نام‌های دیگر	Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (CFA), confirmatory factor analysis, measurement model	common factor analysis, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, factor analysis	Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (SEM), structural equation modelling, covariance structure analysis, latent variable modeling
مرتبط	4	4	5
خلاصه	Confirmatory factor analysis tests whether a researcher-specified factor structure fits the observed data. Formalised by Karl Jöreskog in 1969, it is the measurement-model step within structural equation modelling and is the standard tool for validating the factorial structure of scales and questionnaires before comparing groups or estimating latent relationships.	Exploratory factor analysis reduces a large set of observed variables into a smaller number of latent common factors. It is widely used in scale development and psychometrics to uncover the dimensional structure that underlies a set of correlated items, without specifying that structure in advance.	Structural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical framework that simultaneously estimates a measurement model — relating observed indicators to latent constructs — and a structural model specifying directional or reciprocal relationships among those constructs. Rooted in the LISREL tradition developed by Karl Jöreskog in the 1970s, SEM is the standard tool for testing complex theoretical models in the social, behavioural, and management sciences.