مقایسهٔ روشها
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| مقیاس افسردگی مرکز مطالعات اپیدمیولوژیک (CES-D)× | مقیاس افسردگی سالمندان (GDS)× | مقیاس اضطراب و افسردگی بیمارستان (HADS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روانشناسی بالینی | روانشناسی بالینی | روانشناسی بالینی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1977 | 1982 | 1983 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Jerome A. Yesavage, Terry L. Brink, and colleagues | Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith |
| نوع≠ | Community-based depression assessment | Age-appropriate depression screening | Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37-49. DOI ↗ | Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | CES-D, CESD | GDS, GDS-15, GDS-30 | HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D |
| مرتبط≠ | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| خلاصه≠ | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a 30-item self-report depression screening instrument specifically designed for older adults. Developed by Yesavage, Brink, and colleagues in 1982, the GDS addresses the unique presentation of depression in aging populations, where symptoms may differ from younger adults. A validated 15-item short form (GDS-15) is widely used in primary care and community settings for rapid screening. | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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