مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Cash Transfer Evaluation	Randomized Evaluation in Development
حوزه	Development Studies	Development Studies
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1997	2003
پدیدآور	PROGRESA/Oportunidades (Mexico); Santiago Levy; World Bank evaluation programmes	Esther Duflo, Abhijit Banerjee, Michael Kremer; J-PAL / IPA
نوع	Programme impact evaluation	Experimental impact evaluation design
منبع بنیادین	Fiszbein, A., & Schady, N. (2009). Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty. World Bank Policy Research Report. Washington, DC: World Bank. ISBN: 9780821373521	Banerjee, A. V., & Duflo, E. (2009). The Experimental Approach to Development Economics. Annual Review of Economics, 1, 151–178.
نام‌های دیگر	CCT/UCT Impact Evaluation, Conditional Cash Transfer Evaluation, Cash Transfer Impact Assessment, Social Cash Transfer Evaluation	Randomized Controlled Trials, Field Experiments in Development, RCTs in Development Economics, Randomized Field Trials
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Cash transfer evaluation is the body of impact-evaluation practice used to measure the effects of giving money directly to poor households — conditional on behaviours such as school enrolment and clinic visits (CCTs) or unconditional (UCTs) — on consumption, schooling, nutrition, health, and broader welfare. Pioneered by Mexico's PROGRESA/Oportunidades programme in the late 1990s, which built a randomised phase-in into its rollout, the field has produced some of the most influential causal evidence in development economics and now spans dozens of countries and hundreds of studies.	Randomized evaluation applies the logic of the controlled experiment to development policy: an intervention — a school grant, a deworming pill, an insurance product — is assigned at random to some units and withheld from others, so that any subsequent difference in outcomes can be attributed causally to the intervention rather than to confounding. Championed from the early 2000s by the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) and Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA), the approach earned its leading proponents — Esther Duflo, Abhijit Banerjee, and Michael Kremer — the 2019 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for transforming how anti-poverty programmes are tested.