مقایسهٔ روشها
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| پژوهش مطالعه موردی× | مشاهده مشارکتی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | پژوهش کیفی | پژوهش کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1984 (Yin); 1995 (Stake) | 1922 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake; Sharan Merriam | Bronislaw Malinowski |
| نوع | Method | Method |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. link ↗ | Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books. ISBN: 978-0465026432 |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | Case Study, Single Case Study, Multiple Case Study | ethnographic observation, participatory observation, overt observation, immersive observation |
| مرتبط | 4 | 4 |
| خلاصه≠ | Case study research is an intensive, contextual investigation of a single case (or small number of cases) to explore a phenomenon in depth. Developed systematically by Robert K. Yin (1984) and Robert E. Stake (1995), case study research employs multiple data sources (interviews, observation, documents, artifacts) to produce a holistic understanding of a bounded phenomenon within its real-world context. | Participant observation is a qualitative research method in which the researcher embeds themselves within a community, organization, or social setting for an extended period, engaging in the activities and relationships of the group while systematically observing and documenting behavior, interactions, and cultural meaning. Pioneered by Malinowski in the 1920s and developed in anthropology, the method has been adopted across sociology, education, health sciences, and organizational research. The researcher functions as both insider (participating in group activities) and outsider (maintaining analytical distance), generating thick description—rich accounts of context, behavior, and meaning that reveal how people actually live and interact. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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