مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مجموعه موارد - مطالعه مشاهده‌ای توصیفی	طراحی مطالعه دقت تشخیصی
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	پژوهش بالینی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Longstanding; systematized in 20th century clinical research	2003-2015
پدیدآور	Historical clinical practice; formalized in modern evidence-based medicine literature	Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers
نوع	Observational descriptive study	Research Design
منبع بنیادین	Case series. Wikipedia.	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44.
نام‌های دیگر	case series report, clinical case series, consecutive case series, patient series	diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation
مرتبط	5	2
خلاصه	A case series is a descriptive observational study that documents the characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of a group of patients who share a common condition, exposure, or intervention. Unlike case reports, which focus on a single patient, a case series aggregates data across multiple patients (typically three or more) to identify patterns, generate hypotheses, and characterize rare or novel conditions — without a concurrent control group.	A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment.