مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مجموعه موارد - مطالعه مشاهده‌ای توصیفی	مطالعه مورد-شاهدی
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	اپیدمیولوژی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Longstanding; systematized in 20th century clinical research	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
پدیدآور	Historical clinical practice; formalized in modern evidence-based medicine literature	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
نوع	Observational descriptive study	Observational analytic study design
منبع بنیادین	Case series. Wikipedia.	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
نام‌های دیگر	case series report, clinical case series, consecutive case series, patient series	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	A case series is a descriptive observational study that documents the characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of a group of patients who share a common condition, exposure, or intervention. Unlike case reports, which focus on a single patient, a case series aggregates data across multiple patients (typically three or more) to identify patterns, generate hypotheses, and characterize rare or novel conditions — without a concurrent control group.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.