مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس کوتاه شده راهبردهای مقابله‌ای مذهبی RCOPE (Brief RCOPE)	مقیاس تجربه معنوی روزانه (DSES)
حوزه	روان‌شناسی دین	روان‌شناسی دین
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1998	2002
پدیدآور	Kenneth I. Pargament, Bruce W. Smith, Harold G. Koenig, & Lennon Perez	Lynn G. Underwood & Jeanne A. Teresi
نوع	Self-report	Self-report
منبع بنیادین	Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(4), 710–724.	Underwood, L. G., & Teresi, J. A. (2002). The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 22–33.
نام‌های دیگر	Brief RCOPE, RCOPE-14	DSES
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Brief RCOPE, developed by Pargament and colleagues (1998), is a 14-item measure that distinguishes between positive and negative religious coping strategies that individuals employ when facing major life stressors. Derived from the longer 105-item RCOPE, the Brief RCOPE captures how people use faith, prayer, spiritual reframing, and community support to manage illness, loss, and adversity, while also identifying religiously-based distress responses (e.g., spiritual anger, perception of abandonment by God). It has become a standard measure in health psychology, particularly in research on coping with serious illness, grief, and trauma.	The DSES, developed by Underwood and Teresi in 2002, is a 16-item self-report measure designed to capture the frequency and depth of spiritual experiences that occur in everyday life. Unlike scales that measure religious affiliation or institutional participation, the DSES assesses whether and how often individuals report direct, lived spiritual experience—moments of connection to something transcendent, sacred, or divine. It has become widely used in health services research, chaplaincy, and gerontological studies to quantify spiritual well-being and predict psychological and health outcomes.