مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تنظیم دقیق BERT	لورا و PEFT	ترنسفورمر بینایی
حوزه	یادگیری عمیق	یادگیری عمیق	یادگیری عمیق
خانواده	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
سال پیدایش	2019	2022	2021
پدیدآور	Devlin, J. et al.	Hu, E. J. et al.; Lester, B. et al.	Dosovitskiy, A. et al.
نوع	Transfer learning (fine-tuning a pre-trained transformer)	Parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large pretrained models	Transformer architecture for images (self-attention over patches)
منبع بنیادین	Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K. & Toutanova, K. (2019). BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. NAACL.	Hu, E. J. et al. (2022). LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models. ICLR.	Dosovitskiy, A. et al. (2021). An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale. ICLR.
نام‌های دیگر	BERT İnce Ayar (Fine-Tuning), BERT ince ayar, fine-tuning BERT, transfer learning with BERT	LoRA ve PEFT — Parametre Verimli İnce Ayar, Low-Rank Adaptation, parameter-efficient fine-tuning, prefix tuning	Görsel Transformer (ViT), görsel transformer, ViT, patch transformer for images
مرتبط	5	5	5
خلاصه	BERT fine-tuning, building on the BERT model introduced by Devlin and colleagues in 2019, re-trains a pre-trained BERT model on a small labelled dataset for a target task such as classification, named-entity recognition, or question answering. Through transfer learning it reaches high performance even with relatively little task-specific data.	LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation), introduced by Hu et al. in 2022, and the broader family of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods adapt large pretrained language models to new tasks by training only a small number of extra parameters instead of every weight in the model. This makes fine-tuning possible with far less GPU memory and compute while leaving the original model largely untouched.	The Vision Transformer (ViT), introduced by Dosovitskiy and colleagues in 2021, splits an image into fixed-size patches, treats those patches as a sequence, and applies the Transformer self-attention mechanism to image classification. Given enough training data, it surpasses convolutional neural networks (CNNs).