مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس ناامیدی بک (BHS)	NAS-PI
حوزه	روان‌شناسی قانونی	روان‌شناسی قانونی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1974	2003
پدیدآور	Aaron T. Beck, Albert Weissman, David Lester, Lori Trexler	Raymond W. Novaco
نوع	Self-report	Self-report
منبع بنیادین	Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861–865.	Novaco, R. W. (2003). The Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI): Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
نام‌های دیگر	BHS, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Hopelessness Assessment	NAS-PI, Novaco Anger Scale, Provocation Inventory
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is a 20-item self-report instrument developed by Aaron Beck and colleagues (1974) to measure the degree of hopelessness and pessimism about the future in adolescents and adults. It is grounded in Beck's cognitive theory of depression and suicide and is widely used in clinical, psychiatric, forensic, and research settings to assess suicide risk and identify individuals at elevated risk for self-harm and completed suicide.	The Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory (NAS-PI) is a comprehensive self-report assessment instrument developed by Raymond Novaco (2003) to measure dispositional anger and anger provocation in adolescents and adults. It integrates cognitive-behavioral theory of anger and emotional regulation, serving clinicians, forensic practitioners, and researchers in psychiatric, correctional, and clinical settings where anger dysregulation and aggression risk are clinical concerns.