مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	کدگذاری محوری	تحلیل گفتمان	نظریه داده‌بنیاد	تحلیل روایی
حوزه	کیفی	پژوهش کیفی	پژوهش کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	1967	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
پدیدآور	Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
نوع	Qualitative research method	Method	Method	Qualitative interpretive method
منبع بنیادین	Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803932456	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
نام‌های دیگر	axial analysis, relational coding, category development coding, second-level coding	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	GT, Grounded Theory Approach	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
مرتبط	6	2	3	6
خلاصه	Axial coding is the second major analytical step in grounded theory analysis, performed after open coding. Introduced by Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin in 1990, it involves systematically re-examining and reorganising the many discrete codes generated during open coding by identifying a central (axial) category and mapping the causal conditions, contextual factors, intervening conditions, action-interaction strategies, and consequences that surround it. The goal is to move from a fragmented list of codes to a coherent relational structure that reflects how concepts interconnect in the data.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.