مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	اتنوتوگرافی	نتنوگرافی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Late 20th century (term coined 1979; method consolidated 1990s–2000s)	1997 (coined); 2010 (first comprehensive methodology book)
پدیدآور	Carolyn Ellis, Arthur Bochner, Norman Denzin (prominent theorists); David Hayano coined the term in 1979	Robert V. Kozinets
نوع	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Ellis, C. (2004). The Ethnographic I: A Methodological Novel about Autoethnography. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759100947	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875907
نام‌های دیگر	auto-ethnography, AE, personal narrative research, self-ethnography	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, cyber-ethnography, digital ethnography
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Autoethnography is a qualitative research method in which the researcher uses systematic self-reflection and personal narrative to examine their own experiences within a cultural, social, or organizational context. By treating the self as both subject and instrument, autoethnography connects individual lived experience to broader cultural patterns, making personal stories analytically and socially significant. It bridges autobiography and ethnography, producing accounts that are simultaneously evocative and scholarly.	Netnography is a qualitative research method that adapts the principles of cultural ethnography to the study of online communities and social media environments. Coined by Robert Kozinets in 1997 and systematised in his 2010 handbook, netnography treats digital spaces — forums, social networks, blogs, review sites — as naturally occurring field sites where communities gather, share meanings, and construct identities. The method combines unobtrusive observation of digital traces with active participation and, where appropriate, direct member interaction.