مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Altmetrics and Article-Level Metrics	شناسه پژوهشگر ORCID
حوزه	مهارت‌های پژوهش	مهارت‌های پژوهش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2010 (concept manifesto); 2011 (Altmetric.com platform launch)	2010 (founding); 2012 (launch)
پدیدآور	Jason Priem and the altmetrics community (2010)	ORCID Inc., a non-profit founded in 2010 by Liz Haak and others
نوع	Tool	Standard
منبع بنیادین	Priem, J., Taraborelli, D., Groth, P., & Neylon, C. (2010). Altmetrics: A manifesto. http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/	Haak, L. L., Fenner, M., Paglione, L., Pentz, E., & Ratner, H. (2012). ORCID: A system to uniquely identify researchers. Learn. Publ., 25(4), 259–264.
نام‌های دیگر	altmetrics, article-level metrics, alternative impact metrics	ORCID, researcher identifier, ORCID iD
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Altmetrics (alternative metrics) measure the online attention and societal impact of research by tracking mentions in social media (Twitter), news outlets, policy documents, blogs, videos, and other online sources. Introduced formally in 2010 by Jason Priem and colleagues, altmetrics address limitations of citation-based assessment: citation counts accumulate slowly (taking years for impact to register), do not capture policy influence, and are biased toward certain fields (biomedicine receives more citations than social sciences). Altmetric.com, PlumX, and other platforms now provide real-time data on research reach, complementing traditional journal impact factors and H-indices. While altmetrics should not replace peer-reviewed citations for tenure and promotion, they offer valuable insight into public engagement with research.	ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) is a free, unique, persistent 16-digit identifier assigned to researchers that distinguishes them from others with the same or similar names. Launched in 2012 by ORCID Inc., a non-profit organization, the ORCID system addresses a critical problem in scholarly communication: name ambiguity. Millions of researchers worldwide share names (e.g., 'Smith, J.'). Without a unique identifier, citations and publications are difficult to attribute correctly, author H-indices are miscalculated, and researchers are credit for work they did not do. An ORCID iD is free, permanent, and owned by the researcher; it persists regardless of affiliation changes or career transitions.