مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	R² تعدیل‌شده (R²_adj)	میانگین مربعات خطا (MSE)
حوزه	ارزیابی مدل	ارزیابی مدل
خانواده	MCDM	MCDM
سال پیدایش	1961	1809
پدیدآور	Henri Theil	Carl Friedrich Gauss
نوع	Penalized goodness-of-fit metric	Squared-error loss function
منبع بنیادین	Theil, H. (1961). Economic Forecasts and Policy. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.	Gauss, C. F. (1809). Theoria Motus Corporum Coelestium in Sectionibus Conicis Solem Ambientium. Hamburg: Perthes and Besser.
نام‌های دیگر	Adjusted R², R²_adj	MSE, L2 error, quadratic error
مرتبط	5	4
خلاصه	Adjusted R² is a corrected version of the coefficient of determination that accounts for the number of predictors in a regression model. Introduced by Henri Theil in 1961, it addresses the fundamental limitation of standard R²: the tendency to increase whenever any predictor is added, regardless of whether that predictor contributes meaningfully to explaining the target variable.	Mean Squared Error is the foundational loss function for regression models, measuring the average squared deviation between predictions and observations. Originating from Gauss and Legendre's method of least squares (1805-1809), MSE is the basis for ordinary least squares regression and remains central to modern machine learning optimization.