مقایسهٔ روشها
روشهای انتخابی خود را کنار هم مرور کنید؛ ردیفهای متفاوت برجسته شدهاند.
| پژوهش عملیاتی× | پژوهش مطالعه موردی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | پژوهش کیفی | پژوهش کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1946 | 1984 (Yin); 1995 (Stake) |
| پدیدآور≠ | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake; Sharan Merriam |
| نوع | Method | Method |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. link ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | Case Study, Single Case Study, Multiple Case Study |
| مرتبط≠ | 1 | 4 |
| خلاصه≠ | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Case study research is an intensive, contextual investigation of a single case (or small number of cases) to explore a phenomenon in depth. Developed systematically by Robert K. Yin (1984) and Robert E. Stake (1995), case study research employs multiple data sources (interviews, observation, documents, artifacts) to produce a holistic understanding of a bounded phenomenon within its real-world context. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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