مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	طراحی AB	طراحی ABAB	آزمایش تطبیقی
حوزه	طراحی آزمایش	طراحی آزمایش	طراحی آزمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1960s	1960s (Sidman 1960; Baer et al. 1968)	1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s
پدیدآور	Murray Sidman; Baer, Wolf & Risley	Murray Sidman; Baer, Wolf & Risley (applied behavior analysis formalization)	Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others
نوع	Single-subject experimental design	Single-subject experimental design	Experimental research design
منبع بنیادین	Sidman, M. (1960). Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology. Basic Books.	Sidman, M. (1960). Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology. Basic Books.	Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761
نام‌های دیگر	baseline-intervention design, AB single-case design, AB phase design	reversal design, withdrawal design, ABAB reversal, operant reversal design	adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization
مرتبط	4	4	5
خلاصه	The AB design is the simplest single-subject experimental design, consisting of two sequential phases: a baseline phase (A) in which the target behavior is observed under natural conditions without intervention, followed by an intervention phase (B) in which the treatment or manipulation is introduced. Changes in the behavior's level, trend, or variability between phases are used to infer the effect of the intervention on the individual participant.	The ABAB design is a single-subject experimental methodology that establishes causal control by repeatedly introducing and removing an intervention. A baseline phase (A) is followed by an intervention phase (B), then a return to baseline (A), and a second intervention phase (B), allowing the researcher to demonstrate that observed behavior changes are produced by the intervention rather than by coincidental factors.	An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour.