Media Framing Analysis
Media Framing Analysis is a systematic method for examining how news coverage and media messages organize and present information in ways that promote particular interpretations while obscuring others. Originating in Erving Goffman's sociological work (1974) and developed extensively by communication scholars like Robert Entman, the method decodes the frames—organizing principles and narrative structures—embedded in news reports, films, advertising, and public discourse. It reveals how media selections of what to emphasize, what to omit, and what narrative context to provide shape audience understanding of events and issues.
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- Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Harvard University Press. · URL
- Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. · DOI 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
- Lakoff, G. (2004). Don't Think of an Elephant!: Know Your Values and Frame Your Arguments. Chelsea Green Publishing. · URL
- Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Agenda-setting, priming, and framing revisited: Another look at cognitive effects of political communication. Mass Communication & Society, 3(2-3), 297-316. · DOI 10.1207/S15327825MCS0323_07
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