Interactive Fixed Effects
Interactive Fixed Effects (IFE) extends standard fixed-effects panel models by allowing unit-specific intercepts to vary not just at the individual level but also with unobserved common time-varying factors. Introduced by Bai (2009), it models heterogeneity as the interaction of individual characteristics and common shocks, ideal for studying cross-sectional variation in how units respond to macro conditions. This framework dominates when common factors drive substantial heterogeneity.
Allikakirje
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- Bai, J. (2009). Panel data models with interactive fixed effects. Econometric Reviews, 28(4), 289-312. · URL
- Moon, H. R., & Weidner, M. (2015). Linear regression for panel with unknown number of factors as interactive fixed effects. Econometric Theory, 31(5), 1046-1087. · DOI 10.3982/ecta9382
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