Võrdle meetodeid

	Social Life Cycle Assessment	Environmental Commodity Chain Analysis
Valdkond	Environmental Sociology	Environmental Sociology
Perekond	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tekkeaasta	2009	1994
Looja	UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative (Catherine Benoit & Bernard Mazijn, eds.)	Gary Gereffi (commodity-chain framework); applied to environment by political ecology and ecological economics
Tüüp	Life-cycle pipeline for assessing social impacts of products	Network-tracing pipeline linking consumption to distant environmental impacts
Algallikas	Benoit, C., & Mazijn, B. (Eds.). (2009). Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative, United Nations Environment Programme. ISBN: 9789280730210	Gereffi, G. (1994). The Organization of Buyer-Driven Global Commodity Chains: How U.S. Retailers Shape Overseas Production Networks. In G. Gereffi & M. Korzeniewicz (Eds.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (pp. 95-122). Greenwood Press. ISBN: 9780313289149
Rööpnimetused	S-LCA, Social LCA, Societal Life Cycle Assessment, Product Social Impact Assessment	Green Commodity Chain Analysis, Global Value Chain Environmental Analysis, Ecological Commodity Chain Analysis, Follow-the-Thing Environmental Analysis
Seotud	4	3
Kokkuvõte	Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) evaluates the social and socio-economic impacts of products and services across their entire life cycle, from raw-material extraction through manufacturing, use, and disposal. It mirrors the four-phase structure of environmental LCA, goal and scope definition, inventory, impact assessment, and interpretation, but replaces physical pressures with effects on people, organized by stakeholder categories such as workers, local communities, society, consumers, and value-chain actors. The approach was codified in the 2009 UNEP/SETAC Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products, edited by Catherine Benoit and Bernard Mazijn, which established stakeholder categories, impact subcategories, and the use of performance reference points to judge whether a measured condition is good or bad. Benoit and colleagues' 2010 article situated the guidelines within the broader life-cycle sustainability assessment agenda and explained their just-in-time arrival as supply-chain social concerns rose. Because many social indicators are qualitative and depend on conduct rather than throughput, S-LCA leans on activity variables such as worker-hours to connect indicators to the functional unit. It complements environmental LCA and life-cycle costing to round out a three-pillar sustainability assessment.	Environmental commodity chain analysis applies the global commodity chain (later global value chain) framework, originated by Gary Gereffi, to the question of who bears the ecological costs of production and consumption. Gereffi's insight was that globally dispersed production is organized into chains coordinated by lead firms, and that chains differ in their governance: producer-driven chains are steered by manufacturers, buyer-driven chains by retailers and brand owners who set prices, quality, and standards for their suppliers. Environmental analysts extend this by tracing a commodity from extraction through processing to consumption and attaching environmental loads, such as deforestation, emissions, and water use, to each node. Because the demand and the value capture often sit at the consuming end while the heaviest environmental burdens fall at the producing end, the method makes visible the geographic displacement of ecological costs that underlies global trade.