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| APA stiilijuhend: tekstisisesed viited ja bibliograafia vormindamine× | Teaduskeele selgus: täpse akadeemilise kommunikatsiooni põhimõtted× | |
|---|---|---|
| Valdkond | Akadeemiline kirjutamine | Akadeemiline kirjutamine |
| Perekond | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tekkeaasta≠ | 1957 | 1959 |
| Looja≠ | American Psychological Association (founded 1892) | Scientific writing tradition; modern frameworks from Greenhalgh (1997), Strunk & White (2000), and writing educators |
| Tüüp≠ | Standard | Guideline |
| Algallikas≠ | American Psychological Association (2020). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. ISBN: 978-1-4338-3216-1 | Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (2000). The Elements of Style (4th ed.). New York: Longman. ISBN: 978-0-205-30902-4 |
| Rööpnimetused | APA 7th edition, APA citation, author-date citation | clarity in writing, scientific communication, technical writing |
| Seotud | 4 | 4 |
| Kokkuvõte≠ | APA (American Psychological Association) Style is a citation and formatting standard widely used in psychology, education, social sciences, and increasingly in health sciences. APA uses author-date in-text citations (e.g., Smith, 2021) linked to a reference list at the end of the manuscript. The 7th edition (2020) is the current standard and requires DOI (Digital Object Identifier) for all works that have one. APA style covers not only citations but also manuscript formatting (margins, spacing, headings, figure captions), promoting consistency and clarity across scholarly communication. | Clear scientific writing enables readers to understand methodology, results, and implications without confusion. Clarity is not ornamental—it is essential to scientific integrity. Unclear writing obscures findings, enables misinterpretation, wastes readers' time, and reduces impact and citations. Scientific clarity requires active voice (when appropriate), conciseness (eliminating redundancy), precise word choice (correct terminology), logical organization, and transparent reasoning. These principles apply across disciplines and are supported by style guides (APA, Vancouver), writing textbooks, and journal editors' expectations. Clear writing also helps authors think more precisely; the act of writing clearly often reveals gaps or inconsistencies in logic. |
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