Comparar métodos

	Análisis de Decisión Multicriterio Basado en SIG (GIS-MCDA)	Proceso Analítico Jerárquico	Análisis de Ruta de Mínimo Costo / Distancia-Costo	Modelos de Localización-Asignación
Campo	Análisis espacial	Toma de decisiones	Análisis espacial	Análisis espacial
Familia	Process / pipeline	MCDM	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Año de origen	2006	1980	1994	1963
Autor original	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)	Saaty, T. L.	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation	Leon Cooper; S. L. Hakimi
Tipo	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis	Pairwise comparison (eigenvalue)	Raster cost-surface routing	Spatial facility-location optimization
Fuente seminal	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.	Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York ISBN: 978-0070543713	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.	Cooper, L. (1963). Location-allocation problems. Operations Research, 11(3), 331–343.
Alias	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability	—	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol	facility location, p-median problem, maximal covering location problem, yer-tahsis modelleri
Relacionados	4	8	3	4
Resumen	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.	AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Saaty, T. L. in 1980. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.	Location-allocation models decide where to place a set of facilities and simultaneously assign demand points to them so as to optimize an objective such as total travel cost, worst-case distance, or population covered. Rooted in the operations-research work of Cooper (1963) and Hakimi (1964) and central to network GIS, they answer questions like where to site warehouses, hospitals, fire stations, or schools to best serve a spatially distributed population.