Tau-U
Tau-U is a rank-based effect-size index for single-case research that combines the degree of nonoverlap between baseline and treatment phases with the trend within phases, and that can optionally subtract out any improving trend already present in the baseline. Developed by Richard Parker, Kimberly Vannest, and colleagues in 2011, it extends the Nonoverlap of All Pairs (NAP) statistic by adding a Kendall-style trend component, giving practitioners a single index that is robust to outliers, has a known sampling distribution for significance testing, and does not unfairly credit a treatment for change that the baseline was already heading toward.
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Sources
- Parker, R. I., Vannest, K. J., Davis, J. L., & Sauber, S. B. (2011). Combining nonoverlap and trend for single-case research: Tau-U. Behavior Therapy, 42(2), 284–299. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2010.08.006 ↗
- Parker, R. I., & Vannest, K. J. (2009). An improved effect size for single-case research: Nonoverlap of all pairs. Behavior Therapy, 40(4), 357–367. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2008.10.006 ↗
How to cite this page
ScholarGate. (2026, June 22). Tau-U Nonoverlap Effect Size for Single-Case Research. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/en/social-work/tau-u-single-case
Which method?
Set this method beside its closest kin and read them side by side — the library lays the books on the table; the choice is yours.
- Nonoverlap of All PairsSocial Work↔ compare
- Percentage of Nonoverlapping DataSocial Work↔ compare
- Single-System DesignSocial Work↔ compare
- Visual Analysis of Single-Case DataSocial Work↔ compare