Diplomacy

Diplomacy studies the conduct of relations between states through negotiation and representation — the practice and institutions of statecraft.

Scope

It covers diplomatic practice and negotiation, the history and theory of diplomacy, and modern forms such as public and multilateral diplomacy.

Core questions

• How do states conduct relations through diplomacy?
• How are international negotiations managed?
• How has diplomacy evolved?
• What forms does modern diplomacy take?

Key concepts

• Negotiation
• Statecraft
• Balance of power
• Public diplomacy
• Multilateralism
• Diplomatic immunity

Key theories

The practice of diplomacy

Nicolson codified the principles and practice of professional diplomacy.

Diplomatic history and statecraft

Kissinger analysed the balance of power and the art of statecraft across diplomatic history.

History

Diplomacy, the oldest instrument of international relations, has been studied as professional practice (Nicolson) and statecraft (Kissinger), expanding to public, multilateral, and digital diplomacy.

Debates

Old versus new diplomacy

Whether secret, professional diplomacy or open, public and multilateral diplomacy better serves international order.

Key figures

• Harold Nicolson
• Henry Kissinger

Seminal works

• nicolson-1939
• kissinger-1994

Frequently asked questions

What is public diplomacy?

Efforts to influence foreign publics (not just governments) to advance a state's interests and image.