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	WHOQOL-OLD Module	CASP-19 Quality of Life Scale
Field	Social Gerontology	Social Gerontology
Family	Latent structure	Latent structure
Year of origin	2005	2003
Originator	Mick Power, Kathryn Quinn, Silke Schmidt & the WHOQOL-OLD Group	Martin Hyde, Richard D. Wiggins, Paul Higgs & David B. Blane
Type	Cross-culturally developed quality of life add-on module for older adults	Multidimensional self-report quality of life scale for early old age
Seminal source	Power, M., Quinn, K., Schmidt, S., & WHOQOL-OLD Group. (2005). Development of the WHOQOL-Old module. Quality of Life Research, 14(10), 2197-2214.	Hyde, M., Wiggins, R. D., Higgs, P., & Blane, D. B. (2003). A measure of quality of life in early old age: the theory, development and properties of a needs satisfaction model (CASP-19). Aging & Mental Health, 7(3), 186-194.
Aliases	WHOQOL-OLD, WHO Quality of Life Older Adults Module, WHOQOL Old Module, WHOQOL-OLD Facets	CASP-19, Control Autonomy Self-realization Pleasure Scale, Needs Satisfaction Quality of Life Measure, CASP Scale
Related	3	3
Summary	The WHOQOL-OLD is a 24-item add-on module developed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life group to capture aspects of quality of life that matter especially to older adults but are not adequately covered by the generic WHOQOL-BREF. Reported by Mick Power, Kathryn Quinn, Silke Schmidt, and the WHOQOL-OLD Group in 2005, it was built simultaneously across many international field centres to ensure cross-cultural validity. The module comprises six facets, each with four items: sensory abilities; autonomy; past, present, and future activities; social participation; death and dying; and intimacy. Items are rated on five-point Likert scales and summed into facet scores and an overall older-adult quality of life score. Because it is designed to be administered together with the core WHOQOL-BREF, it extends rather than replaces the WHO's generic quality of life assessment for ageing populations. The instrument is one of the most widely used and translated older-adult quality of life measures in the world.	The CASP-19 is a 19-item self-report measure of quality of life designed specifically for people in early old age, grounded in a theory of human need rather than in health or functional status. Developed by Martin Hyde, Richard Wiggins, Paul Higgs, and David Blane in 2003, it conceptualizes later-life quality of life as the degree to which four basic needs are satisfied: Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure, giving the scale its acronym. Each item is rated on a four-point Likert scale describing how often a statement applies, and the items are summed into four domain subscales and an overall score. The instrument was built explicitly to separate quality of life as an outcome from its causes such as health, income, and social circumstances, so that those determinants could be studied as predictors. Because it taps satisfaction of needs rather than the presence of disease or disability, CASP-19 captures the positive, agentic dimensions of ageing well. It has become a standard quality of life outcome in major ageing cohort studies and a benchmark against which newer older-adult measures are compared.