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	Weber Industrial Location Model	Bid-Rent Analysis
Field	Human Geography	Human Geography
Family	Regression model	Regression model
Year of origin	1909	1964
Originator	Alfred Weber	William Alonso
Type	Least-cost theory of optimal industrial plant location	Theory of urban land rent and land-use allocation by distance to the centre
Seminal source	Weber, A. (1929). Alfred Weber's Theory of the Location of Industries (C. J. Friedrich, Trans.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago. (Original work published 1909).	Alonso, W. (1964). Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. ISBN: 9780674537019
Aliases	Weber Least-Cost Location Model, Location Triangle Model, Weberian Industrial Location Theory, Least-Cost Location Theory	Bid-Rent Theory, Alonso Bid-Rent Model, Urban Land-Rent Model, Bid-Rent Curve Analysis
Related	4	4
Summary	Weber's industrial location model is the classic least-cost theory of where a manufacturing plant should locate. Developed by Alfred Weber in 1909, it finds the site that minimizes total transport cost between the sources of raw materials and the market, then adjusts that site for savings in labour cost and for the benefits of clustering with other firms. The transport optimum is found at the Weber point of the location triangle, where the pulls of material sources and the market balance — the foundational model of industrial geography.	Bid-rent analysis is the urban-economics theory that explains how land rent and land use are organized by distance to the city centre. Developed by William Alonso in 1964, it represents each land use — commerce, industry, housing — by a bid-rent curve giving the maximum rent that use is willing to pay at each distance from the central business district. Because uses with steeper curves outbid others for central land, the observed rent is the upper envelope of all the curves, and the city sorts into concentric zones with the highest bidder winning each ring.