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	Walkability Index	15-Minute City Analysis
Field	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2010	2021
Originator	Lawrence Frank and colleagues	Carlos Moreno
Type	Composite neighbourhood index of how supportive the built environment is of walking	Descriptive proximity assessment of daily needs by active travel
Seminal source	Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Leary, L., Cain, K., Conway, T. L., & Hess, P. M. (2010). The development of a walkability index: Application to the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(13), 924–933.	Moreno, C., Allam, Z., Chabaud, D., Gall, C., & Pratlong, F. (2021). Introducing the "15-Minute City": Sustainability, resilience and place identity in future post-pandemic cities. Smart Cities, 4(1), 93–111.
Aliases	Frank Walkability Index, Walk Score, Neighborhood Walkability Index, Pedestrian Environment Index	Fifteen-Minute City Analysis, Chrono-Urbanism Analysis, Proximity Index Analysis, Quarter-Hour City Assessment
Related	4	4
Summary	A walkability index measures how well a neighbourhood's built environment supports walking, by combining a small set of land-use and street-design variables into a single score. The influential index developed by Lawrence Frank and colleagues sums standardized measures of residential density, land-use mix, street connectivity, and retail floor-area ratio, giving extra weight to intersection density because connected street grids most strongly enable walking. Consumer tools such as Walk Score popularized the same idea by scoring an address on the proximity and variety of nearby destinations, making walkability a routine input to planning, public health, and real-estate analysis.	15-minute city analysis assesses how many of life's daily needs — shops, schools, healthcare, work, recreation — residents can reach within a short walk or bike ride, typically fifteen minutes, from their homes. Articulated by Carlos Moreno in 2021 under the banner of chrono-urbanism, the concept reorients planning around proximity and time rather than mobility and distance. The analysis operationalizes it by computing walk or cycle isochrones around residential locations and scoring how completely the essential categories of urban functions fall within reach, producing proximity indices that can be mapped, compared across neighbourhoods, and weighted by population.