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	Livelihood Vulnerability Assessment	Food Security Measurement
Field	Development Studies	Development Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2009	2013
Originator	IPCC framing; W. Neil Adger; Micah Hahn, Anne Riederer & Stanley Foster (LVI)	FAO (FIES); FANTA (HFIAS); World Food Programme (FCS)
Type	Composite-indicator framework for assessing climate and livelihood vulnerability	Experiential and dietary food-security survey
Seminal source	Hahn, M. B., Riederer, A. M., & Foster, S. O. (2009). The Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change — A case study in Mozambique. Global Environmental Change, 19(1), 74–88.	Ballard, T. J., Kepple, A. W., & Cafiero, C. (2013). The Food Insecurity Experience Scale: Development of a Global Standard for Monitoring Hunger Worldwide. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
Aliases	Livelihood Vulnerability Index, LVI, Climate Vulnerability Assessment, Social Vulnerability Assessment	Food insecurity measurement, FIES, HFIAS, Food Consumption Score
Related	4	4
Summary	Livelihood Vulnerability Assessment is a framework for measuring how exposed and susceptible households and communities are to climatic and socio-economic stresses, and how able they are to cope and adapt. Drawing on the IPCC's conceptualisation of vulnerability as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity and operationalised in composite tools such as Hahn and colleagues' Livelihood Vulnerability Index, it translates the social and environmental dimensions of risk into indicators that can be compared across places and groups to guide adaptation and poverty-reduction investment.	Food security measurement comprises a family of survey-based instruments that capture households' or individuals' access to adequate food, distinct from the U.S. USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. The dominant tools — the FAO Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), the World Food Programme's Food Consumption Score (FCS), and dietary-diversity scores such as the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) — measure either the lived experience of food insecurity or the quantity and quality of the diet, providing the indicators used for global hunger monitoring and humanitarian targeting.