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| Type-Token Ratio× | Lexical Diversity× | |
|---|---|---|
| Field≠ | Linguistics | Text mining |
| Family | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Year of origin≠ | 1944 | — |
| Originator≠ | Wendell Johnson | — |
| Type≠ | Descriptive index of lexical diversity | Text quantification / lexical richness measurement |
| Seminal source≠ | Johnson, W. (1944). Studies in language behavior: A program of research. Psychological Monographs, 56(2), 1–15. DOI ↗ | McCarthy, P. M. & Jarvis, S. (2010). MTLD, vocd-D, and HD-D: A validation study of sophisticated approaches to lexical diversity assessment. Behavior Research Methods, 42(2), 381-392. DOI ↗ |
| Aliases | TTR, Type/Token Ratio, Lexical Variation Ratio | lexical richness, vocabulary richness, Sözcüksel Çeşitlilik Analizi |
| Related≠ | 4 | 3 |
| Summary≠ | The type-token ratio (TTR) is the oldest and most widely used measure of lexical diversity: the number of distinct word types in a text divided by the total number of word tokens. A text in which few words repeat yields a TTR near 1, while a text that recycles a small vocabulary yields a TTR near 0. Despite its intuitive appeal and trivial computation, the raw ratio is severely confounded by text length, which has motivated a long line of length-correcting transformations and, ultimately, the more robust indices that have largely superseded it for serious comparison. | Lexical diversity analysis quantifies how varied the vocabulary of a text is — how rich an author's word choice is — using measures such as the type-token ratio (TTR), MTLD, vocd-D, and Yule's K. The MTLD and vocd-D measures were validated by McCarthy and Jarvis (2010), building on earlier work by Tweedie and Baayen (1998) on the stability of lexical-richness measures. |
| ScholarGateDataset ↗ |
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