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	Total Factor Productivity	Growth Accounting
Field	Economics	Economics
Family	Regression model	Regression model
Year of origin	1957	1957
Originator	Robert Solow; Caves, Christensen & Diewert	Robert Solow; Dale Jorgenson & Zvi Griliches
Type	Productivity measurement via index numbers and production functions	Production-function-based decomposition of output growth
Seminal source	Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical change and the aggregate production function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312–320.	Solow, R. M. (1957). Technical change and the aggregate production function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312–320.
Aliases	TFP, Multifactor Productivity, MFP, Joint Factor Productivity	Sources of Growth Analysis, Solow Growth Accounting, Production Function Decomposition, Total Factor Productivity Accounting
Related	4	3
Summary	Total factor productivity (TFP), also called multifactor productivity, measures how much output an economic unit produces from a given bundle of all its inputs taken together — capital, labour, and often intermediate materials. It is the efficiency with which inputs are jointly transformed into output, and it captures everything that raises output without raising measured inputs: technology, organization, and the reallocation of resources. TFP is measured in two broad ways: the index-number approach, which forms the ratio of an aggregate output index to an aggregate input index using economically justified (superlative) weights, and the econometric production-function approach, which estimates the technology and recovers productivity as an unobserved term.	Growth accounting is a production-function-based framework that decomposes the growth rate of aggregate output into the contributions of growth in measured inputs — typically capital and labour — and a residual that captures the growth in total factor productivity (TFP). Building on Robert Solow's 1957 derivation and refined by Dale Jorgenson and Zvi Griliches in 1967, it weights each input's growth rate by its share of national income and attributes whatever output growth is left unexplained to improvements in productivity, technology, and efficiency.