Compare methods

	Team Identification-Social Psychological Health Model	BIRGing and CORFing Measurement
Field	Sport Leisure Studies	Sport Leisure Studies
Family	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2006	1976
Originator	Daniel L. Wann	Robert Cialdini et al.; C. R. Snyder et al.; Daniel Wann & Nyla Branscombe
Type	Mediational model linking identification to well-being via social connections	Behavioral-measurement pipeline for image-management responses
Seminal source	Wann, D. L. (2006). Understanding the positive social psychological benefits of sport team identification: The team identification-social psychological health model. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(4), 272-296.	Cialdini, R. B., Borden, R. J., Thorne, A., Walker, M. R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L. R. (1976). Basking in Reflected Glory: Three (Football) Field Studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34(3), 366-375.
Aliases	TI-SPH Model, Team Identification-Social Psychological Health, Wann's Team Identification Health Model	Basking in Reflected Glory Measurement, Cutting Off Reflected Failure Measurement, Reflected Glory and Failure Indices, Fan Image-Management Measurement
Related	3	3
Summary	The Team Identification-Social Psychological Health (TI-SPH) model, proposed by Daniel Wann in 2006, explains why identifying with a sports team is associated with better psychological well-being. Its central claim is mediational: team identification does not improve well-being directly but does so by fostering social connections, which in turn support social psychological health. A fan who identifies with a team gains a ready-made social group, shared rituals, and a sense of belonging, and it is these connections — not the team's results — that yield the well-being benefits. Wann's model, published in Group Dynamics, drew on social identity theory and his earlier work measuring identification, and it made a crucial distinction between identification with a local team, which can produce enduring social connections, and identification with a distant team, which tends to produce only temporary ones. The framework reframed sport fandom from a potentially trivial or maladaptive pastime into a documented source of social-psychological benefit.	BIRGing and CORFing measurement is a behavioral and self-report procedure for quantifying how people manage their public image by advertising or hiding their association with a group after that group succeeds or fails. Basking In Reflected Glory (BIRGing), documented by Robert Cialdini and colleagues in 1976, is the tendency to publicize one's connection to a winner, for example by wearing team apparel or saying 'we won' after a victory. Cutting Off Reflected Failure (CORFing), studied by Snyder, Lassegard, and Ford in 1986, is the complementary tendency to distance oneself from a loser, for example by saying 'they lost.' Wann and Branscombe's 1990 work showed that these responses depend on fan identification: die-hard, highly identified fans BIRG strongly and resist CORFing, while fair-weather, low-identification fans CORF readily. Measuring both responses against team outcomes and identification reveals how spectators use sport affiliations to maintain self-image.