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	Strategic Niche Management	Technological Innovation Systems
Field	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	1998	2008
Originator	René Kemp, Johan Schot & Remco Hoogma	Anna Bergek, Staffan Jacobsson, Bo Carlsson and colleagues
Type	Conceptual framework and analytic method for managing innovation niches	Systems-of-innovation framework and scheme of analysis
Seminal source	Kemp, R., Schot, J., & Hoogma, R. (1998). Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: the approach of strategic niche management. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 10(2), 175-198.	Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S., & Rickne, A. (2008). Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: a scheme of analysis. Research Policy, 37(3), 407-429.
Aliases	SNM, Niche management approach, Protective space analysis	TIS analysis, Technological innovation system approach, Functional dynamics scheme
Related	4	4
Summary	Strategic Niche Management (SNM) is a framework for understanding and supporting the early development of radical, sustainable innovations by nurturing them in protected spaces—niches—shielded from the full selection pressure of the prevailing market and regime. It zooms into the niche level of transition theory and identifies three internal processes that determine whether an innovation gathers momentum: the articulation of expectations and visions, the building of broad social networks, and learning across multiple dimensions through real-world experiments.	Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) analysis studies the emergence, growth, and performance of a specific technology by treating it as a system of actors, networks, and institutions that interact to generate, diffuse, and use that technology. Building on the systems-of-innovation tradition, the influential scheme of Bergek and colleagues combines a structural account of the system's components with a functional analysis of the key processes—or functions—that an innovation system must perform, then compares achieved with desired functionality to diagnose inducement and blocking mechanisms and derive policy.