Compare methods

	Sport Participation Time-Budget Diary	Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure
Field	Sport Leisure Studies	Sport Leisure Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
Year of origin	1998	2008
Originator	Jonathan Gershuny & Oriel Sullivan (time-use diary methodology)	Jay Gould, DeWayne Moore, Francis McGuire & Robert A. Stebbins
Type	Episode-level diary survey pipeline for sport and leisure participation	Multidimensional self-report measurement instrument
Seminal source	Gershuny, J., & Sullivan, O. (1998). The Sociological Uses of Time-use Diary Analysis. European Sociological Review, 14(1), 69-85.	Gould, J., Moore, D., McGuire, F., & Stebbins, R. (2008). Development of the Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure. Journal of Leisure Research, 40(1), 47-68.
Aliases	Sport Time-Use Diary, Leisure Time-Budget Survey, Sport Participation Diary Method, Episode Diary of Physical Activity	SLIM, Serious Leisure Inventory, Serious Leisure Measure
Related	3	3
Summary	The sport participation time-budget diary measures how much sport and leisure people actually do by asking them to record their day as a sequence of time-stamped episodes rather than answering a single recall question. Building on the time-use diary tradition formalized by Jonathan Gershuny and Oriel Sullivan, the method treats a day as an exhaustive, non-overlapping chain of activities, each with a start and end time, a location, and a record of who else was present. Applied to sport and leisure, it captures not only the duration and frequency of exercise, training, and active or passive recreation, but also the social and spatial context in which they occur. Because every minute is accounted for, the diary yields population estimates of participation that are far less prone to the over-reporting and rounding that plague stylized 'how often do you exercise?' survey items.	The Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure (SLIM) is a multidimensional self-report instrument that operationalizes Robert Stebbins's serious leisure perspective for quantitative research. Stebbins defined serious leisure as the systematic pursuit of an amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer activity sufficiently substantial and interesting for the participant to find a career there, distinguished from casual leisure by six durable qualities: perseverance, a leisure career, significant personal effort, durable benefits, a unique ethos, and strong identification with the pursuit. Gould, Moore, McGuire and Stebbins's 2008 paper in the Journal of Leisure Research translated these six qualities into eighteen measurable sub-dimensions and, using expert q-sorts and confirmatory factor analysis, produced a validated seventy-two-item inventory with acceptable fit, reliability, and equivalence across samples. SLIM turned a rich but qualitative theory into a calibrated measure that researchers can use to compare the seriousness of leisure involvement across people and activities.