Compare methods

	Spiritual Transcendence Scale	Sanctification Measures
Field	Religious Studies	Religious Studies
Family	Latent structure	Latent structure
Year of origin	1999	2005
Originator	Ralph L. Piedmont	Annette Mahoney & Kenneth I. Pargament
Type	Higher-order latent measure of spiritual transcendence	Multidimensional latent measure of perceived sacredness
Seminal source	Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the Five-Factor Model. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 985-1013.	Mahoney, A., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Jewell, T., Magyar, G. M., Tarakeshwar, N., Murray-Swank, N., & Phillips, R. (2005). A higher purpose: The sanctification of strivings in a community sample. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 15(3), 239-262.
Aliases	STS, Piedmont Spiritual Transcendence Scale, Spiritual Transcendence Measure, Sixth Factor Spirituality Scale	Sanctification Scale, Sanctification of Life Measure, Manifestation of God Scale, Sacred Qualities Scale
Related	3	3
Summary	The Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS), developed by Ralph Piedmont in 1999, measures spirituality as a broad motivational disposition — the capacity to stand outside one's immediate sense of time and place and view life from a larger, unifying perspective. Piedmont's striking proposal was that this disposition constitutes a sixth factor of personality, independent of the Five-Factor Model. The STS is built from three facets: prayer fulfillment, the experience of joy and contact with the transcendent through prayer or meditation; universality, the belief in the unity and shared purpose of all life; and connectedness, a sense of belonging and responsibility across generations and people. These facets combine into a higher-order spiritual transcendence score that Piedmont showed predicts outcomes beyond the Big Five and converges across self- and observer reports.	Sanctification measures, developed by Annette Mahoney and Kenneth Pargament, quantify the degree to which a person perceives a specific aspect of life — a marriage, the body, parenting, work, personal goals — as sacred. The framework defines sanctification as the process by which an object of life takes on spiritual character and significance, and it is measured along two routes: theistic sanctification, the perception that the object is a manifestation of God, and non-theistic sanctification, the perception that it possesses sacred qualities such as being blessed, holy, or transcendent even without explicit reference to God. Because almost any domain can be sanctified, the measures are target-specific, and across studies higher sanctification predicts greater investment in, and benefit from, the sanctified object.