Compare methods

	Spiritual Transcendence Scale	Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS)
Field	Religious Studies	Religious Studies
Family	Latent structure	Latent structure
Year of origin	1999	2012
Originator	Ralph L. Piedmont	Stefan Huber & Odilo W. Huber
Type	Higher-order latent measure of spiritual transcendence	Second-order latent measure of religious centrality
Seminal source	Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the Five-Factor Model. Journal of Personality, 67(6), 985-1013.	Huber, S., & Huber, O. W. (2012). The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS). Religions, 3(3), 710-724.
Aliases	STS, Piedmont Spiritual Transcendence Scale, Spiritual Transcendence Measure, Sixth Factor Spirituality Scale	Huber CRS, Centrality of Religiosity Scale, Religiosity Centrality Measure, CRS-15 / CRS-10 / CRS-7
Related	3	3
Summary	The Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS), developed by Ralph Piedmont in 1999, measures spirituality as a broad motivational disposition — the capacity to stand outside one's immediate sense of time and place and view life from a larger, unifying perspective. Piedmont's striking proposal was that this disposition constitutes a sixth factor of personality, independent of the Five-Factor Model. The STS is built from three facets: prayer fulfillment, the experience of joy and contact with the transcendent through prayer or meditation; universality, the belief in the unity and shared purpose of all life; and connectedness, a sense of belonging and responsibility across generations and people. These facets combine into a higher-order spiritual transcendence score that Piedmont showed predicts outcomes beyond the Big Five and converges across self- and observer reports.	The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS), developed by Stefan Huber and Odilo Huber and consolidated in their 2012 paper, measures how central the religious meaning system is within an individual's personality. It operationalizes five core dimensions drawn from the Glock-Stark tradition — intellect, ideology, public practice, private practice, and religious experience — and treats them as indicators of a single higher-order construct, the centrality of religiosity. The CRS comes in interchangeable 15-, 10-, and 7-item versions, yields both dimension scores and an overall centrality score, and supports a simple three-level classification of respondents as not religious, religious, or highly religious. Designed for cross-cultural and interreligious use, it has become one of the most widely applied general religiosity measures in contemporary survey research.