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| Spatial Exposure Index× | Theil Segregation Index× | |
|---|---|---|
| Field≠ | Human Geography | Sociology |
| Family | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Year of origin≠ | 1954 | 1971 |
| Originator≠ | Wendell Bell (P* indices); Douglas Massey & Nancy Denton (segregation dimensions) | Henri Theil & Anthony Finizza |
| Type≠ | Segregation measure of the potential contact or isolation between population groups | Entropy-based multigroup segregation index |
| Seminal source≠ | Bell, W. (1954). A probability model for the measurement of ecological segregation. Social Forces, 32(4), 357–364. DOI ↗ | Theil, H., & Finizza, A. J. (1971). A note on the measurement of racial integration of schools by means of informational concepts. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 1(2), 187–193. DOI ↗ |
| Aliases≠ | Exposure Index, Isolation Index, P-star Index | Theil's H, information theory index, entropy segregation index, multigroup entropy index |
| Related≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Summary≠ | The exposure and isolation indices, written P*, measure residential segregation as the degree of potential contact between population groups across the neighbourhoods of a region. Developed by Wendell Bell in 1954 and later codified by Massey and Denton in 1988 as the 'exposure' dimension of segregation, they answer a different question from evenness measures like the dissimilarity index: not how unevenly groups are distributed, but how much members of one group actually share neighbourhoods with members of another or only with their own. The interaction index gauges cross-group exposure while the isolation index gauges within-group concentration, each interpretable as a probability. | Theil's information index, denoted H, is an entropy-based measure of segregation that, unlike the two-group dissimilarity index, handles any number of groups at once. It compares the diversity (entropy) found within each unit to the diversity of the whole population: segregation is high when units are internally homogeneous even though the overall population is diverse. Its defining virtue is exact decomposability across nested levels and across groups. |
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