Compare methods

	Seasonal Livelihood Analysis	Food Security Measurement
Field	Development Studies	Development Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	1981	2013
Originator	Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst & Arnold Pacey; Stephen Devereux and colleagues	FAO (FIES); FANTA (HFIAS); World Food Programme (FCS)
Type	Analytical method for understanding intra-annual livelihood variation	Experiential and dietary food-security survey
Seminal source	Devereux, S., Sabates-Wheeler, R., & Longhurst, R. (Eds.). (2012). Seasonality, Rural Livelihoods and Development. London: Routledge/Earthscan. ISBN: 9781849714327	Ballard, T. J., Kepple, A. W., & Cafiero, C. (2013). The Food Insecurity Experience Scale: Development of a Global Standard for Monitoring Hunger Worldwide. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
Aliases	Seasonality analysis, Seasonal livelihood programming, Hunger gap analysis, Seasonal vulnerability analysis	Food insecurity measurement, FIES, HFIAS, Food Consumption Score
Related	4	4
Summary	Seasonal livelihood analysis examines how poor households' livelihoods — their income, food access, labour demand, prices, debt, and exposure to hazards and disease — vary systematically across the months of the year rather than remaining constant. Rooted in the agenda set by Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst, and Arnold Pacey in their 1981 work on seasonal dimensions to rural poverty and revived by Stephen Devereux and colleagues, it uses seasonal calendars to chart these intra-annual rhythms, locate the lean or 'hunger' season, and time interventions such as social protection so they reach people when need is greatest.	Food security measurement comprises a family of survey-based instruments that capture households' or individuals' access to adequate food, distinct from the U.S. USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. The dominant tools — the FAO Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), the World Food Programme's Food Consumption Score (FCS), and dietary-diversity scores such as the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) — measure either the lived experience of food insecurity or the quantity and quality of the diet, providing the indicators used for global hunger monitoring and humanitarian targeting.