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	Schalock Quality of Life Model	Disability Quality of Life Assessment
Field	Disability Studies	Disability Studies
Family	Latent structure	Latent structure
Year of origin	2002	2002
Originator	Robert L. Schalock and Miguel Angel Verdugo	Robert L. Schalock & Miguel Angel Verdugo; World Health Organization (ICF)
Type	Multidimensional quality-of-life measurement framework	Measurement methodology for quality of life in disability populations
Seminal source	Schalock, R. L., & Verdugo, M. A. (2002). Handbook on Quality of Life for Human Service Practitioners. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation. ISBN: 9780940898776	Schalock, R. L., & Verdugo, M. A. (2002). Handbook on Quality of Life for Human Service Practitioners. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation. ISBN: 9780940898776
Aliases	Schalock-Verdugo QOL Model, Eight-Domain Quality of Life Framework, Multidimensional QOL Model, QOL Domains Model	QOL Measurement in Disability, Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment, Disability HRQOL Methodology, QOL-in-Disability Assessment
Related	3	3
Summary	The Schalock and Verdugo Quality of Life model is a multidimensional framework for conceptualizing and measuring quality of life among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Drawing on cross-cultural and empirical work synthesized in their 2002 Handbook on Quality of Life for Human Service Practitioners, Schalock and Verdugo define quality of life as a composite of eight core domains: emotional well-being, interpersonal relations, material well-being, personal development, physical well-being, self-determination, social inclusion, and rights. These domains are organized under three higher-order factors — independence, social participation, and well-being — that give the model a coherent structure. Crucially, each domain is measured using both objective indicators, such as observable life conditions, and subjective indicators, such as the person's own satisfaction, recognizing that quality of life has both an external and an experienced face. The framework is designed not only to describe a person's quality of life but to drive person-centered planning and to evaluate whether services actually improve the outcomes that matter to people.	Quality of life assessment in disability populations is the general methodology for measuring how well people with disabilities are living, encompassing both overall quality of life and health-related quality of life. Unlike a single instrument or model, it is a set of methodological commitments and decisions that researchers and practitioners must navigate whenever they attempt such measurement. Drawing on the quality-of-life science consolidated by Schalock and Verdugo and on the biopsychosocial framing of disability in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, the methodology distinguishes objective life conditions from subjective evaluation, weighs generic against condition-specific instruments, and confronts phenomena that are especially acute in disability populations. Chief among these are response shift, the tendency for a person's internal standards to change over time, and the disability paradox, in which people with serious impairments often report a good quality of life that observers would not predict. The methodology also insists on accessible administration and valid proxy reporting so that people who communicate differently are measured fairly rather than excluded.