Compare methods

	Psychological Momentum in Sport	Performance Profiling
Field	Sport Leisure Studies	Sport Leisure Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	1988	1992
Originator	Robert J. Vallerand, Paul G. Colavecchio & Luc G. Pelletier; Jim Taylor & Andrew Demick	Richard J. Butler & Lew Hardy
Type	Perceptual model linking precipitating events to performance through momentum perception	Athlete-centered profiling procedure grounded in Personal Construct Theory
Seminal source	Vallerand, R. J., Colavecchio, P. G., & Pelletier, L. G. (1988). Psychological momentum and performance inferences: A preliminary test of the antecedents-consequences psychological momentum model. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 92-108.	Butler, R. J., & Hardy, L. (1992). The performance profile: Theory and application. The Sport Psychologist, 6(3), 253-264.
Aliases	Sport Momentum Analysis, Perceived Momentum, Momentum Chain Modeling, PM Model	Butler-Hardy Performance Profile, Athlete Performance Profile, Construct-Based Profiling, Self-Ideal Discrepancy Profiling
Related	3	3
Summary	Psychological momentum is the perception that one is progressing toward a goal, often triggered by a precipitating event such as a scoring run, and widely believed to shape subsequent performance. Robert Vallerand, Paul Colavecchio, and Luc Pelletier's 1988 antecedents-consequences model gave the construct its decisive shape by insisting that momentum is a perception that must be distinguished from both its antecedents (the events that trigger it) and its consequences (the affective, motivational, and behavioral changes it produces). Jim Taylor and Andrew Demick's 1994 multidimensional model extended this into a 'momentum chain,' specifying how precipitating events interact with personal and situational factors to alter cognition, affect, physiology, and ultimately performance. Studying psychological momentum therefore means measuring perception as a mediator, not assuming that a hot streak automatically causes the next success.	Performance profiling is an athlete-centered assessment procedure in which the athletes themselves, rather than the coach or sport psychologist, define the qualities that matter for their performance and then rate where they currently stand against where they would ideally be. Richard Butler and Lew Hardy introduced it in 1992 in The Sport Psychologist, grounding it explicitly in George Kelly's Personal Construct Theory: because people act on their own constructions of the world, the qualities used to assess an athlete should be elicited from the athlete. The procedure produces a visual profile of constructs, each scored for current and ideal level, with the gap between them — the self-ideal discrepancy — pointing to where intervention is most needed. Gareth Jones's 1993 work showed how these importance-weighted discrepancies structure cognitive-behavioral interventions and how the profile, repeated over time, tracks change.