Compare methods

	Participatory Disability Research	Disability Rights Monitoring
Field	Disability Studies	Disability Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	1992	2006
Originator	Mike Oliver (participatory/emancipatory disability research tradition)	Human-rights-based monitoring tradition (CRPD); WHO ICF; capability approach (Mitra)
Type	Collaborative inquiry pipeline with disabled co-researchers	Human-rights indicator monitoring pipeline
Seminal source	Oliver, M. (1992). Changing the social relations of research production? Disability, Handicap & Society, 7(2), 101-114.	World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF. Geneva: WHO. ISBN: 9789241545426
Aliases	Inclusive Disability Research, Co-Produced Disability Research, Disabled Co-Researcher Partnership, Nothing-About-Us-Without-Us Research	CRPD Monitoring, Disability Rights Indicator Assessment, Human-Rights-Based Disability Monitoring, Convention Implementation Monitoring
Related	1	1
Summary	Participatory disability research is the practice of conducting research with disabled people as active co-researchers and partners rather than as passive subjects of study. It is rooted in Mike Oliver's 1992 challenge to the conventional 'social relations of research production,' in which non-disabled researchers extract data from disabled people for academic ends that rarely benefit the disabled community. The approach embodies the disability-rights principle 'nothing about us without us': disabled people help shape the research questions, choose and adapt accessible methods, collect and co-analyze data, and co-author the dissemination. It is distinct from emancipatory disability research, which goes further by handing disabled people control over the entire social relations of production; participatory research emphasizes genuine partnership and inclusion at every stage. Throughout, the aim is research that is accessible, accountable to disabled people, and oriented toward improving their lives.	Disability rights monitoring is a human-rights-based method for tracking how well a state implements the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and where it falls short. It translates the abstract rights in the Convention into measurable indicators using the structure-process-outcome framework: structural indicators capture commitments and legal frameworks, process indicators capture the efforts and programs that turn commitments into action, and outcome indicators capture the results disabled people actually experience. Evidence for these indicators is triangulated from administrative data, population surveys, and the lived experience of disabled people, and observed performance is compared against the rights standard to identify gaps. The framework draws on the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to define functioning and participation, and on Amartya Sen's capability approach—applied to disability by Sophie Mitra—to ground what equality and the realization of rights substantively mean. The output is a gap analysis and recommendations that hold duty-bearers accountable.