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	Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire	WHOQOL-OLD Module
Field	Social Gerontology	Social Gerontology
Family	Latent structure	Latent structure
Year of origin	2009	2005
Originator	Ann Bowling	Mick Power, Kathryn Quinn, Silke Schmidt & the WHOQOL-OLD Group
Type	Lay-derived multidimensional quality of life questionnaire for older adults	Cross-culturally developed quality of life add-on module for older adults
Seminal source	Bowling, A. (2009). The psychometric properties of the older people's quality of life questionnaire, compared with the CASP-19 and the WHOQOL-OLD. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 2009, 298950.	Power, M., Quinn, K., Schmidt, S., & WHOQOL-OLD Group. (2005). Development of the WHOQOL-Old module. Quality of Life Research, 14(10), 2197-2214.
Aliases	OPQOL, Older People's Quality of Life Scale, Bowling OPQOL, OPQOL-35	WHOQOL-OLD, WHO Quality of Life Older Adults Module, WHOQOL Old Module, WHOQOL-OLD Facets
Related	3	3
Summary	The Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL) is a 35-item multidimensional self-report measure of quality of life developed by Ann Bowling and distinguished by its lay, bottom-up origins. Rather than imposing expert-defined domains, the OPQOL was derived from what older people themselves said made their lives good or bad, drawn from in-depth interviews and survey research in British populations. The items span domains including life overall, health, social relationships, independence and control, home and neighbourhood, psychological and emotional wellbeing, financial circumstances, leisure and activities, and religion or culture. Each item is rated on a five-point agreement scale and the items are summed into subscale and total scores. In her 2009 paper, Bowling reported the questionnaire's psychometric properties and compared it directly with two established older-adult measures, CASP-19 and the WHOQOL-OLD. The OPQOL is valued for grounding quality of life in older people's own priorities while remaining broad enough to cover health, social, and material life.	The WHOQOL-OLD is a 24-item add-on module developed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life group to capture aspects of quality of life that matter especially to older adults but are not adequately covered by the generic WHOQOL-BREF. Reported by Mick Power, Kathryn Quinn, Silke Schmidt, and the WHOQOL-OLD Group in 2005, it was built simultaneously across many international field centres to ensure cross-cultural validity. The module comprises six facets, each with four items: sensory abilities; autonomy; past, present, and future activities; social participation; death and dying; and intimacy. Items are rated on five-point Likert scales and summed into facet scores and an overall older-adult quality of life score. Because it is designed to be administered together with the core WHOQOL-BREF, it extends rather than replaces the WHO's generic quality of life assessment for ageing populations. The instrument is one of the most widely used and translated older-adult quality of life measures in the world.