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	Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire	CASP-19 Quality of Life Scale
Field	Social Gerontology	Social Gerontology
Family	Latent structure	Latent structure
Year of origin	2009	2003
Originator	Ann Bowling	Martin Hyde, Richard D. Wiggins, Paul Higgs & David B. Blane
Type	Lay-derived multidimensional quality of life questionnaire for older adults	Multidimensional self-report quality of life scale for early old age
Seminal source	Bowling, A. (2009). The psychometric properties of the older people's quality of life questionnaire, compared with the CASP-19 and the WHOQOL-OLD. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 2009, 298950.	Hyde, M., Wiggins, R. D., Higgs, P., & Blane, D. B. (2003). A measure of quality of life in early old age: the theory, development and properties of a needs satisfaction model (CASP-19). Aging & Mental Health, 7(3), 186-194.
Aliases	OPQOL, Older People's Quality of Life Scale, Bowling OPQOL, OPQOL-35	CASP-19, Control Autonomy Self-realization Pleasure Scale, Needs Satisfaction Quality of Life Measure, CASP Scale
Related	3	3
Summary	The Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL) is a 35-item multidimensional self-report measure of quality of life developed by Ann Bowling and distinguished by its lay, bottom-up origins. Rather than imposing expert-defined domains, the OPQOL was derived from what older people themselves said made their lives good or bad, drawn from in-depth interviews and survey research in British populations. The items span domains including life overall, health, social relationships, independence and control, home and neighbourhood, psychological and emotional wellbeing, financial circumstances, leisure and activities, and religion or culture. Each item is rated on a five-point agreement scale and the items are summed into subscale and total scores. In her 2009 paper, Bowling reported the questionnaire's psychometric properties and compared it directly with two established older-adult measures, CASP-19 and the WHOQOL-OLD. The OPQOL is valued for grounding quality of life in older people's own priorities while remaining broad enough to cover health, social, and material life.	The CASP-19 is a 19-item self-report measure of quality of life designed specifically for people in early old age, grounded in a theory of human need rather than in health or functional status. Developed by Martin Hyde, Richard Wiggins, Paul Higgs, and David Blane in 2003, it conceptualizes later-life quality of life as the degree to which four basic needs are satisfied: Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, and Pleasure, giving the scale its acronym. Each item is rated on a four-point Likert scale describing how often a statement applies, and the items are summed into four domain subscales and an overall score. The instrument was built explicitly to separate quality of life as an outcome from its causes such as health, income, and social circumstances, so that those determinants could be studied as predictors. Because it taps satisfaction of needs rather than the presence of disease or disability, CASP-19 captures the positive, agentic dimensions of ageing well. It has become a standard quality of life outcome in major ageing cohort studies and a benchmark against which newer older-adult measures are compared.