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| Multidimensional Deprivation Analysis× | Multidimensional Poverty Index× | |
|---|---|---|
| Field≠ | Development Studies | Economics |
| Family | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Year of origin≠ | 2003 | 2011 |
| Originator≠ | Anthony B. Atkinson; Sabina Alkire & James Foster | Sabina Alkire & James Foster |
| Type≠ | Family of multidimensional deprivation measurement approaches | Counting-based multidimensional poverty measure |
| Seminal source≠ | Atkinson, A. B. (2003). Multidimensional Deprivation: Contrasting Social Welfare and Counting Approaches. Journal of Economic Inequality, 1(1), 51-65. DOI ↗ | Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487. DOI ↗ |
| Aliases | Counting Approach to Deprivation, Deprivation Dashboard Analysis, Multidimensional Deprivation Measurement, Overlapping Deprivation Analysis | MPI, Alkire-Foster Method, Adjusted Headcount Ratio, Dual-Cutoff Multidimensional Poverty |
| Related≠ | 4 | 3 |
| Summary≠ | Multidimensional deprivation analysis is the broad family of methods for measuring and describing disadvantage across several dimensions at once — health, education, living standards, work, and more — rather than through income alone. It spans the counting approach championed by Anthony Atkinson and formalized by Sabina Alkire and James Foster, the dashboard tradition of reporting deprivation indicators side by side, fuzzy-set treatments that soften sharp thresholds, and overlap analysis that asks whether the same people are deprived in many dimensions. The unifying questions are how to decide who is deprived in each dimension, how to identify the multiply deprived, and whether to summarize deprivation in one index or display it as a panel of indicators. | The Multidimensional Poverty Index applies the Alkire-Foster method, introduced by Sabina Alkire and James Foster in 2011, to measure poverty as the joint deprivation of individuals across several dimensions such as health, education, and living standards. Its signature is a dual-cutoff identification: a person is deprived in an indicator if they fall below that indicator's cutoff, and they are counted as multidimensionally poor only if their weighted count of deprivations crosses a cross-dimensional cutoff k. The headline measure is the adjusted headcount ratio M0 = H times A, the product of the share of people who are poor (incidence) and the average breadth of their deprivations (intensity). |
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