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| Motivated Reasoning Experiment× | Partisan Identity Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Field | Political Psychology | Political Psychology |
| Family | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Year of origin≠ | 2006 | 1960 |
| Originator≠ | Charles Taber & Milton Lodge | Angus Campbell et al. |
| Type≠ | Survey/lab experiment | Self-report |
| Seminal source≠ | Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 755-769. DOI ↗ | Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons. link ↗ |
| Aliases | Directional Motivated Reasoning Study, Biased Assimilation Experiment, Disconfirmation Bias Paradigm | PAS, Party Identification, Partisan Strength |
| Related≠ | 4 | 3 |
| Summary≠ | A motivated reasoning experiment tests whether people process political information to reach conclusions they are directionally motivated to hold rather than the most accurate ones. Building on Kunda's (1990) theory and crystallized by Taber and Lodge (2006), these designs expose partisans to attitude-congruent and incongruent arguments and measure biased assimilation, disconfirmation bias, attitude polarization, and selective exposure. | The Partisan Identity Scale measures strength and direction of psychological attachment to a political party, encompassing both party preference and emotional party identification. Foundational since Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960), the measure distinguishes party affiliation (which party one is registered with) from party identification (psychological identity with a party as a social group). Partisan identity is among the strongest predictors of voting behavior, political attitudes, and interpretation of political information, functioning as a 'perceptual filter' through which voters process news. |
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