Compare methods

	Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women	Multiple-Pass 24-Hour Dietary Recall
Field	Food Agriculture Studies	Food Agriculture Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2016	2008
Originator	FAO & FANTA III (Martin-Prevel, Arimond, Ballard, Deitchler, Kennedy and colleagues)	Alanna J. Moshfegh and colleagues (USDA Agricultural Research Service)
Type	Dichotomous food-group-count indicator for women's diet quality	Structured multi-pass interview pipeline for quantitative dietary intake
Seminal source	FAO and FHI 360 (2016). Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women: A Guide to Measurement. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and USAID's Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA), Rome.	Moshfegh, A. J., Rhodes, D. G., Baer, D. J., Murayi, T., Clemens, J. C., Rumpler, W. V., Paul, D. R., Sebastian, R. S., Kuczynski, K. J., Ingwersen, L. A., Staples, R. C., & Cleveland, L. E. (2008). The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 88(2), 324-332.
Aliases	MDD-W, Minimum Dietary Diversity Women, Women's Dietary Diversity Score, MDD-W indicator	AMPM, Automated Multiple-Pass Method, 5-Pass 24-Hour Recall, 24-Hour Dietary Recall (Multiple-Pass)
Related	4	4
Summary	Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) is a validated, dichotomous indicator of whether a woman of reproductive age consumed foods from at least five of ten defined food groups in the previous 24 hours, used as a population proxy for the micronutrient adequacy of women's diets. It was finalized in the 2016 FAO and FANTA guide A Guide to Measurement, following the consensus process documented by Martin-Prevel and colleagues that selected the ten-group list and the five-group cut-off from competing candidate indicators. Unlike the broader Individual Dietary Diversity Score, MDD-W is purpose-built for women aged 15 to 49 and yields a clean yes/no classification, making the share of women reaching the minimum a transparent, globally comparable diet-quality statistic for surveys and program monitoring.	The Multiple-Pass 24-Hour Dietary Recall is a structured interview method for measuring everything an individual ate and drank in the previous day, designed to maximize completeness and accuracy through several successive passes over the same day. Its definitive form is the USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), a computerized five-step protocol used in What We Eat in America, the dietary component of NHANES. Validated against doubly labeled water by Moshfegh and colleagues in 2008, the AMPM was shown to reduce the bias in self-reported energy intake that plagues single-pass recalls, and the earlier 5-step protocol was validated against weighed observation by Conway and colleagues. By guiding respondents through a quick list, forgotten-food probes, time and occasion, detailed descriptions and amounts, and a final review, the method turns a notoriously error-prone task into a standardized, quantifiable dietary measurement.