Compare methods

	Market Entry Timing Hazard Analysis	Firm Survival and Exit Analysis
Field	Strategic Management	Strategic Management
Family	Survival analysis	Survival analysis
Year of origin	1989	1995
Originator	Will Mitchell; Timothy S. Schoenecker & Arnold C. Cooper	David B. Audretsch & Talat Mahmood; Paul A. Geroski
Type	Hazard / duration model of market entry timing	Hazard / duration model of firm survival and exit
Seminal source	Mitchell, W. (1989). Whether and When? Probability and Timing of Incumbents' Entry into Emerging Industrial Subfields. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34(2), 208-230.	Audretsch, D. B., & Mahmood, T. (1995). New Firm Survival: New Results Using a Hazard Function. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 77(1), 97-103.
Aliases	Entry Timing Hazard Modeling, Whether-and-When Entry Analysis, Incumbent Entry Hazard Analysis, Time-to-Entry Duration Analysis	Firm Exit Hazard Modeling, Business Survival Duration Analysis, Post-Entry Firm Survival Analysis, Firm Mortality Hazard Models
Related	3	3
Summary	Market entry timing hazard analysis models both whether and when a firm enters a new market or emerging industrial subfield, treating time-to-entry as a survival outcome. Will Mitchell's 1989 study of incumbents facing emerging subfields framed the question precisely this way: rather than asking only if an established firm eventually enters, it asks how its probability and speed of entry depend on its capabilities and the competitive situation. Schoenecker and Cooper's 1998 cross-industry study extended the logic, showing that technological and marketing resources and organizational commitment to a threatened market accelerate entry. By modeling the hazard of entry, the method turns timing — a central variable in competitive strategy and first-mover debates — into something that can be estimated from data on firms at risk of entering.	Firm survival and exit analysis applies hazard and duration models to the question of why some firms survive and others fail, treating the age at which a firm exits the market as a time-to-event outcome. Audretsch and Mahmood's 1995 study of more than twelve thousand U.S. manufacturing establishments showed that a hazard function can relate post-entry survival not only to industry and market-structure conditions but to firm-specific characteristics such as size, innovative activity, and scale economies. Geroski's 1995 survey of entry placed this within the broader dynamics of industries, where high entry rates coexist with high exit rates and most entrants fail young. The method gives strategy researchers a rigorous way to measure the instantaneous risk of failure and to identify which firm and environmental factors push it up or down.