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| Location Quotient× | Social Accounting Matrix× | |
|---|---|---|
| Field | Economics | Economics |
| Family | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Year of origin≠ | 1960 | 1962 |
| Originator≠ | Developed in regional science; codified by Walter Isard | Richard Stone; popularized by Graham Pyatt & Jeffery Round |
| Type≠ | Descriptive index of relative regional concentration | Comprehensive, square, double-entry accounting framework |
| Seminal source≠ | Isard, W. (1960). Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262090032 | Pyatt, G., & Round, J. I. (Eds.). (1985). Social Accounting Matrices: A Basis for Planning. Washington, DC: The World Bank. ISBN: 9780821305508 |
| Aliases | LQ, Coefficient of Localization, Regional Specialization Ratio | SAM, Social Accounting Framework, SAM Multiplier Model |
| Related | 3 | 3 |
| Summary≠ | The location quotient (LQ) is a simple descriptive index that measures how concentrated an industry is in a region relative to a larger reference area, usually the nation. It is the ratio of the industry's share of local employment (or output) to its share of national employment. An LQ above one means the region is more specialized in that industry than the nation as a whole; an LQ below one means it is under-represented. | A social accounting matrix (SAM) is a square, double-entry table that records all transactions among the production sectors, factors of production, institutions (households, firms, government), and the rest of the world in an economy for a given year. It extends the input-output table by closing the circular flow of income — connecting how value added becomes factor income, factor income becomes household income, and household income becomes demand — so that every account's receipts (its row) exactly equal its expenditures (its column). |
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