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| Livelihood Diversification Analysis× | Seasonal Livelihood Analysis× | |
|---|---|---|
| Field | Development Studies | Development Studies |
| Family | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Year of origin≠ | 1998 | 1981 |
| Originator≠ | Frank Ellis; Christopher Barrett, Thomas Reardon & Patrick Webb | Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst & Arnold Pacey; Stephen Devereux and colleagues |
| Type≠ | Quantitative and analytical method for studying livelihood portfolios | Analytical method for understanding intra-annual livelihood variation |
| Seminal source≠ | Ellis, F. (1998). Household strategies and rural livelihood diversification. The Journal of Development Studies, 35(1), 1-38. DOI ↗ | Devereux, S., Sabates-Wheeler, R., & Longhurst, R. (Eds.). (2012). Seasonality, Rural Livelihoods and Development. London: Routledge/Earthscan. ISBN: 9781849714327 |
| Aliases | Income diversification analysis, Rural diversification analysis, Livelihood portfolio analysis, Diversification index analysis | Seasonality analysis, Seasonal livelihood programming, Hunger gap analysis, Seasonal vulnerability analysis |
| Related | 4 | 4 |
| Summary≠ | Livelihood diversification analysis studies how rural households spread their activities and income across multiple sources rather than relying on a single occupation or crop. Developed conceptually by Frank Ellis and refined empirically by Christopher Barrett, Thomas Reardon, and Patrick Webb, it combines the enumeration and classification of household income activities with quantitative measures of diversity — the number of income sources, the share of non-farm income, and concentration indices such as the Herfindahl or Simpson index — to characterise livelihood portfolios and distinguish diversification driven by distress from that driven by opportunity. | Seasonal livelihood analysis examines how poor households' livelihoods — their income, food access, labour demand, prices, debt, and exposure to hazards and disease — vary systematically across the months of the year rather than remaining constant. Rooted in the agenda set by Robert Chambers, Richard Longhurst, and Arnold Pacey in their 1981 work on seasonal dimensions to rural poverty and revived by Stephen Devereux and colleagues, it uses seasonal calendars to chart these intra-annual rhythms, locate the lean or 'hunger' season, and time interventions such as social protection so they reach people when need is greatest. |
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