Compare methods

	Institutional Analysis and Development Framework	Advocacy Coalition Framework
Field	Public Policy	Public Policy
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2005	1993
Originator	Elinor Ostrom & the Bloomington School	Paul Sabatier & Hank Jenkins-Smith
Type	Framework for analysing institutions and collective action	Theory of the policy process
Seminal source	Ostrom, E. (2005). Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691122380	Sabatier, P. A., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C. (Eds.) (1993). Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN: 9780813316499
Aliases	IAD, IAD Framework, Ostrom IAD Framework	ACF, Sabatier-Jenkins-Smith Framework, Advocacy Coalition Approach
Related	4	4
Summary	The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework is a general framework for analysing how institutions — the rules, norms and shared strategies that structure human interaction — shape behaviour and outcomes. Developed by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues at Indiana University's Bloomington School over several decades and synthesised in her 2005 book Understanding Institutional Diversity, it places an 'action situation' at its centre: a structured setting in which actors interact, influenced by biophysical conditions, community attributes and rules-in-use. The framework was central to Ostrom's Nobel-winning work on how communities govern common-pool resources without privatisation or top-down state control.	The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) is a theory of the policy process developed by Paul Sabatier and Hank Jenkins-Smith from the late 1980s and consolidated in their 1993 volume Policy Change and Learning. It explains policy stability and change over long periods by analysing competing coalitions of actors within a policy subsystem who are bound together by shared beliefs. Policy change is understood as a function of the interaction among these belief-based coalitions, the policy-oriented learning that occurs over time, and external events and shocks that can shift the balance of power among them.