Compare methods

	Input-Output Multiplier Analysis	Social Accounting Matrix
Field	Economics	Economics
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	1936	1962
Originator	Wassily Leontief (multiplier formalization by Miller & Blair)	Richard Stone; popularized by Graham Pyatt & Jeffery Round
Type	Linear impact-multiplier model derived from the Leontief inverse	Comprehensive, square, double-entry accounting framework
Seminal source	Miller, R. E., & Blair, P. D. (2009). Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521739023	Pyatt, G., & Round, J. I. (Eds.). (1985). Social Accounting Matrices: A Basis for Planning. Washington, DC: The World Bank. ISBN: 9780821305508
Aliases	I-O Multipliers, Leontief Multipliers, Type I and Type II Multipliers, Output Multipliers	SAM, Social Accounting Framework, SAM Multiplier Model
Related	4	3
Summary	Input-output multiplier analysis converts the Leontief inverse into summary impact coefficients that answer how much total output, household income, or employment an economy generates per unit of final demand directed at a given sector. Building directly on Leontief's inter-industry accounting, it distinguishes the initial direct effect from the indirect supply-chain effect and, in the Type II form, the induced effect of household re-spending, yielding the multipliers that underpin most regional and project economic-impact studies.	A social accounting matrix (SAM) is a square, double-entry table that records all transactions among the production sectors, factors of production, institutions (households, firms, government), and the rest of the world in an economy for a given year. It extends the input-output table by closing the circular flow of income — connecting how value added becomes factor income, factor income becomes household income, and household income becomes demand — so that every account's receipts (its row) exactly equal its expenditures (its column).