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	Gender Parity Index	Global Gender Gap Index
Field	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2003	2006
Originator	UNESCO Institute for Statistics	World Economic Forum (Hausmann, Tyson & Zahidi)
Type	Ratio-based parity indicator	Composite gap index
Seminal source	UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2009). Education Indicators: Technical Guidelines. UNESCO-UIS, Montreal.	World Economic Forum (2023). Global Gender Gap Report 2023. World Economic Forum, Geneva.
Aliases	GPI, Education Gender Parity Index, UNESCO Gender Parity Index	GGGI, WEF Gender Gap Index, Global Gender Gap Report Index
Related	4	4
Summary	The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a simple, widely used indicator — standardised by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics — that expresses the value of an education statistic for females relative to males as a ratio. Most commonly applied to enrolment, completion, and literacy rates, a GPI of one signals parity, values below one indicate disparity favouring males, and values above one indicate disparity favouring females. It is the standard yardstick for monitoring gender parity in education, including in the Sustainable Development Goals.	The Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) is the headline measure of the World Economic Forum's annual Global Gender Gap Report, first published in 2006. It benchmarks gender parity by measuring female-to-male ratios across four subindexes — economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment — and reports the share of each gap that has been closed, deliberately ignoring countries' absolute levels of development.