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	Gender Inequality Index	Gender Development Index
Field	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2010	1995
Originator	UNDP Human Development Report Office (Gaye, Klugman et al.)	UNDP Human Development Report Office
Type	Composite inequality index	Composite development index (ratio form)
Seminal source	Gaye, A., Klugman, J., Kovacevic, M., Twigg, S., & Zambrano, E. (2010). Measuring key disparities in human development: The Gender Inequality Index. Human Development Research Paper 2010/46. UNDP Human Development Report Office.	United Nations Development Programme (2014). Human Development Report 2014 — Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience (Technical Note on the Gender Development Index). UNDP.
Aliases	GII, UNDP Gender Inequality Index	GDI, Gender-related Development Index, UNDP Gender Development Index
Related	4	4
Summary	The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a composite measure introduced by the UNDP in the 2010 Human Development Report to capture the loss in potential human development due to inequality between women and men. It combines three dimensions — reproductive health, empowerment, and labour-market participation — into a single index ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (complete inequality), using an association-sensitive aggregation that penalises both gaps between the sexes and inequality across dimensions.	The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a UNDP composite that measures gender gaps in human development by computing the Human Development Index separately for women and men and expressing the female value as a ratio of the male value. First introduced as the Gender-related Development Index in the 1995 Human Development Report and redesigned in 2014, it covers the same three dimensions as the HDI — a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living — and reports how far female human development falls short of, or exceeds, male human development.